But will it be authoritative? If it does have authority, what makes it so? Continuing from Part One on Wikipedia, Will Wikipedia Win, (yes it will - read the post), MotherPie delves into the theoretical considerations as well as Media Studies graduate class notes on New, New Media.
Wikipedia, the free-content online encyclopedia, exists as a wiki and is written collaboratively by volunteers. It has already become an authority in less than five years because it is dynamic and can operate close to real-time. The highly respected scholarly publication, Nature, studied the accuracy of both Wikipedia and the Encyclopaedia Britannica. EB has been seriously jolted and has called on Nature to retract the article and is shooting up a storm in defense.
Encyclopaedia Britannica, founded well over 200 years ago as part of the Scottish Enlightenment, responds, reacts and creates with a formula from another era. The EB is compiled by scholars and experts from around the world. Wikipedia Founder Jimmy Wales defended the process of Wikipedia in a March 24th article in the Wall Street Journal saying it had a greater accountability model because of the dynamic nature as opposed to the gatekeeper model.
Nature.com responded publicly to EB's public attack calling Nature's study sloppy and indifferent to scholarly standards by not only rejecting the accusations and calling the comparisons fair, but announcing it does not intend to retract the article.
Most importantly, though, the creaky EB process is spotlighted in Nature's response: "While we were willing to discuss the issues, the company failed to provide specific details of its complaints when we asked for them in order to be able to assess its allegations. We did not receive any further correspondence until the publication of its open letter on 22 March 2006." The grassroots ability to correct, amplify, elaborate and discuss issues in real-time makes the new changes in these new platforms (Web 2.0) more dynamic. Wikipedia will gain more authority because of its ability to be more transparent and quicker to correct mistakes due to the collaborative platform and the openness (and free cost) of its information.
However the most important reason that Wikipedia will win in authority is through usage. The elitist approach, (harrumph-harrumph), can't contain and manage information when information yearns to be free. It is CandyLand in GoogleLand.
If something is used and becomes a standard, even if by acclaim rather than authority-per-se, then it generates an aura of authority-by-use and social consensus. For example, the most popular books are not necessarily the best books. Because it is so easy to reference online, is more popular, has been more widely accepted and quickly embraced, is used for linkage purposes (Web 2.0) more, it can therefore be thought of as having more authority-by-use.
This is similar to the authority-by-habit which is described as the Singapore traffic situation by James Surowiecki in his book, The Wisdom of Crowds. Singapore traffic is managed in a much more efficient way than in the United States but the US would not consider such changes because the current system is so ingrained. Authority-by-use, once established, becomes ingrained.
This is analogous to the social linkage situation that has created an "air-of-authority" of the A-list of bloggers. By default, those blogs that receive more links become more popular and hence more influential and thus the slippery slope of authority is obtained not necessarily by better content but by authority-by-use. Will the EB directors be able to put on their monocles to see the writing on the screen quickly enough to shift and capture the crowd?
Additionally, social software can create authority through collaboration. Surowiecki gives a perfect example of this: research labs around the world were able to share information in close to real time (a relative novelty for serious academic research) in order to discover the Sars virus. The tool/platform (collaboration) that enabled the result (rapid discovery) was more important than individual authority (the person who actually discovered the virus). This is why Wikipedia and similar collaborative, conversational, real-time tools will be the way of the future.
Is this form of authority good, bad, or convenient? The answer to this is why the dynamic shift of push-pull for information with new media formats are causing conniption fits for traditional media in much the same way but on a macro level. The micro-level brouhaha started by the academic and highly esteemed Nature journal about the authority difference between Wikipedia and Encyclopaedia Britannica continues to resonate, echo and reverberate with relevance because it isolates in an understandable and debatable way the line in the sand between the past and the future.
The changes are happening so fast it is dizzying. Wiki is not even a word in Merriam-Webster's online dictionary. Here is Scott Rosenberg's take on the Wikipedia/EB Hubub on Salon.com and he's pointed to a new wry non-obtuse site by Farhad Manjoo - What I learned on Wikipedia today. Click on this Manjoo link to learn about antibubbles. MotherPie's favorite Manjoo gleaning from Wikipedia: Analytic language. Noospherically relevant.
Interested in the free software that runs Wikipedia called MediaWiki? Here is Gina Trapani's information on lifehacker.
This lengthy post is just one example of why brevity and simplicity will win out, too.
4/27 UPDATE: Mark Glaser at MediaShift moderates an interesting three-way debate on Wikipedia featuring Wikipedia's founder Jimbo Wales.